Key messages• The children of women given high doses of vitamin D during pregnancy are less likely to develop wheeze (a whistling sound heard on exhalation, due to lower airway swelling, inflammation, or constriction) than children whose mothers did not take vitamin D in pregnancy.• Vitamin D treatment in early childhood may have little effect on preventing asthma or wheeze, though we are uncertain of these results.

The GRADE for Treatment Guidelines Workshop is designed for clinicians, researchers, and guideline developers who wish to strengthen their ability to translate evidence into high-quality clinical and policy recommendations. Led by international GRADE expert Prof. Edwin Chan, the workshop provides a practical, step-by-step overview of the GRADE approach, covering certainty of evidence, strength of recommendations, and the Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework.

Key messagesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in comparison to no HPV vaccination in women with conisation (removal of a cone of tissue that contains abnormal cells, also known as cone biopsy) may reduce the risk of precancerous cervical cell changes (primarily CIN 2+).Due to limitations in data, we are not sure whether HPV vaccination (given shortly before, at, or after conisation) in comparison to no HPV vaccination in women with conisation affects cervical cancer risk or persistent HPV infection.

The bottom line for caregiversThe HPV vaccine offers protection from cervical cancer, genital warts and other diseases caused by HPV viruses  The vaccine is most effective before people are exposed to HPV, which is why it’s offered to children and young adolescentsThe side effects of vaccination are minor and short-term, with most people expe

Key messages· Compared to usual care (i.e. without specific activities), providing people with dementia with music-based therapy sessions probably improves depression, and may improve overall behavioural problems.· Compared to other activities, music-based therapy may improve social behaviour, but we are unsure if it improves anxiety.· These effects may not last beyond the end of treatment.

Cochrane, the Campbell Collaboration, JBI, and the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence have published a joint p

Key messages• Compared to placebo or usual care, corticosteroids probably reduce the risk of death at 28 days and of in-hospital death, and may have little or no effect on the risk of dying beyond three months.• We are uncertain about the effects of continuous intravenous infusion of corticosteroids compared with intermittent intravenous bolus (rapid injection) administration.

Key messages• The two most common tests (serum or plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein) cannot reliably identify at-risk individuals with or without vitamin A deficiency in the community or clinics.• This may mean that using these tests could lead to over- or underestimated levels of low vitamin A at the population level and incorrect diagnosis of individuals.• Estimates of test accuracy should improve as more studies become available.

For over 30 years, the Cochrane Collaboration has set the standard for systematic reviews in health research.