Key messagesThere may be little to no difference between care delivered by a nurse and care delivered by a doctor.Although the evidence is uncertain, in a small number of cases, clinical outcomes (physical and psychological function, diabetes, and eczema management) and relative performance of practitioner (patient assessment/accuracy of assessment, following practice recommendations, medication management, identifying polyps, and length of time to begin a procedure) may be improved.

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Key messagesExercise may be moderately effective compared to no therapy for reducing symptoms of depression.The evidence suggests there is little to no difference in the reduction of symptoms of depression provided by exercise compared to those provided by psychological therapies or antidepressants, but this conclusion is based on a few small studies.The studies measured the outcomes at the end of treatment, and most of them did not follow up participants in the longer term.

Cochrane has launched an innovative study to test whether artificial intelligence (AI) tools can support or enhance

Key messagesSchool meal programs in low- and middle-income countries lead to a small increase in math test scores, but may have little to no effect on reading test scores. School meals lead to a small increase in enrollment, but may have little to no effect on attendance. School meals probably result in small gains in height and weight for age. We are unsure whether they decrease overweight and obesity.

Cochrane has launched a study to test whether artificial intelligence (AI) tools can support or enhance evidence syn

Key messages• Many complex factors may influence caregivers’ and adolescents’ views and actions about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents. We divided them into 8 themes relating to individual knowledge and perceptions, family and social relationships, and the wider contexts in which caregivers and adolescents live.

Key messagesWe found little to no difference in the number of women developing pre-eclampsia when they were given calcium during pregnancy, and we are uncertain about poor outcomes for mothers and babies.

Special LectureCan systematic reviews and meta-analyses go beyond summarizing evidence and actually be used to predict clinical outcomes for individual patients?Cochrane Taiwan warmly invites you to a special lecture:

Key messagesRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion vaccines reduced RSV illness in older adults. When pregnant women received RSV F protein-based vaccines, their babies had fewer serious RSV illnesses. This was true for both approved and unapproved vaccines.The effectiveness of RSV vaccines in women of childbearing age and the impact of live RSV vaccines on infants and children remain uncertain. These trials used unapproved vaccines.

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Key messagesMothers who have skin-to-skin contact with their babies in the first hour after birth are probably more likely to breastfeed exclusively up to one month later and from six weeks to six months later.Skin-to-skin contact between mothers and newborns probably helps newborns adapt to life outside the womb by keeping their body temperature stable and increasing their blood sugar levels. It may also help their breathing and heart rate.

Key messages• The children of women given high doses of vitamin D during pregnancy are less likely to develop wheeze (a whistling sound heard on exhalation, due to lower airway swelling, inflammation, or constriction) than children whose mothers did not take vitamin D in pregnancy.• Vitamin D treatment in early childhood may have little effect on preventing asthma or wheeze, though we are uncertain of these results.

The GRADE for Treatment Guidelines Workshop is designed for clinicians, researchers, and guideline developers who wish to strengthen their ability to translate evidence into high-quality clinical and policy recommendations. Led by international GRADE expert Prof. Edwin Chan, the workshop provides a practical, step-by-step overview of the GRADE approach, covering certainty of evidence, strength of recommendations, and the Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework.

Key messagesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in comparison to no HPV vaccination in women with conisation (removal of a cone of tissue that contains abnormal cells, also known as cone biopsy) may reduce the risk of precancerous cervical cell changes (primarily CIN 2+).Due to limitations in data, we are not sure whether HPV vaccination (given shortly before, at, or after conisation) in comparison to no HPV vaccination in women with conisation affects cervical cancer risk or persistent HPV infection.

The bottom line for caregiversThe HPV vaccine offers protection from cervical cancer, genital warts and other diseases caused by HPV viruses  The vaccine is most effective before people are exposed to HPV, which is why it’s offered to children and young adolescentsThe side effects of vaccination are minor and short-term, with most people expe

Key messages· Compared to usual care (i.e. without specific activities), providing people with dementia with music-based therapy sessions probably improves depression, and may improve overall behavioural problems.· Compared to other activities, music-based therapy may improve social behaviour, but we are unsure if it improves anxiety.· These effects may not last beyond the end of treatment.

Cochrane, the Campbell Collaboration, JBI, and the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence have published a joint p

Key messages• Compared to placebo or usual care, corticosteroids probably reduce the risk of death at 28 days and of in-hospital death, and may have little or no effect on the risk of dying beyond three months.• We are uncertain about the effects of continuous intravenous infusion of corticosteroids compared with intermittent intravenous bolus (rapid injection) administration.